On Being a Christian Today:

The Incompatibility of Christianity and Civilization

Kenneth Cauthen


The essay that formerly appeared on this page was published as a part of a chapter in my The Ethics of Belief: A Bio-Historical Approach (Lima, OH: CSS Publishing Co., 2001). A few highlights are included here.

New Testament Christianity is incompatible with civilization: 1. New Testament Christians lived in the expectation that the world would end soon. Preserving and reforming the institutions of secular society was of no concern (I Cor. 7:31 RSV). 2. The "hard sayings" of Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount (Matt. 5:38-43)  cannot be lived out in a complex society without undermining its foundations.  3.  The commandment to love our neighbor as we love ourselves  (Luke 10:25-28)  would mean that whenever I confront someone whose need is greater than my own, I must give to her/him and all others so situated until I am no better off than the neediest person on earth. (See my Process Ethics, 125-94, 241-50.)

Total self-giving love that demands nothing from the other is irreconcilable with assigned roles, duties, division of labor, accountability, and so on. The unqualified demands of sacrificial love require their implementation in the moment without regard for future consequences for self or others. Orderly life could not go on if no one ever insisted that others play their part, share the load, live by the rules of civilized society, and carry out their obligations.

Of what value, then, is New Testament Christianity for today? Alfred North Whitehead said that the impractical ideals of the first century are a standard by which to measure the shortcomings of society. Reinhold Niebuhr made the same point. Agape, Christian love, is an "impossible possibility" that is relevant in all situations as both judge of every present achievement and guide to further moral advance.

Our failure is not that we make the compromises that make civilization possible but that we make them long before they are necessary.


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This is one of a series of essays in theology and ethics. For a list and links to all of them go to:
Essays in Theology and Ethics

Presently, the following essays are available:

About the Author
A List of my Books
Interpreting the Bible Today
The Authority of the Bible
Using the Bible with Integrity
What I Believe
Natural Law and Moral Relativism
What is Truth -- and Does it Matter?
A Doctrine of God
Hints Toward a Doctrine of God
Trinity: God, Christ, Spirit
God as Masculine and Feminine
Theodicy: the Problem of Evil
Theodicy: A Heterodox Alternative
The Many Faces of Evil
Christ and Christians
A Contemporary Christology
A Critique of Niebuhr's Christ and Culture
The Incompatibility of Christianity and Civilization
Christian Ethics
Process Christian Ethics
The Ethics of Belief
Relativism, Morality, Belief
Capital Punishment
Physician Assisted Suicide
Bioethical Decision-Making
Prostitution
Abortion
Drug Policy
Homosexuality
Theology and Ecology
Religion and Politics
Science and Theology
Church and State
A Short Biographical Sketch

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Created: Tuesday, November 17, 1998, 4:10 PM Last Updated: Tuesday, February 20, 2001, 2:30 PM