; Successive Division Simulation ; written by Teresa Carrigan, 2004 globals [ start-x from-decimal praise digits myDigits doneyet? ] breeds [ digit holder divisor rem stack] digit-own [ digit-value digit-name] patches-own [ name ] holder-own [holder-name] stack-own [stack-name] ; runs setup when program is first loaded to startup setup end ; makes the correct number of digits, and the red arrow ; initializes variables to setup locals [ here-x here-y current n] ca set praise [ "You got it!" "Right!" "Correct" "Awesome!" "Perfect!" ] set digits [ "0" "1" "2" "3" "4" "5" "6" "7" "8" "9" "A" "B" "C" "D" "E" "F" ] set myDigits [] set n 0 repeat 10 [ set myDigits lput (item n digits ) myDigits set n (n + 1) ] set start-x -3 set here-x -5 set here-y 6 set current 1 set n 0 set doneyet? false ; build decimal number set from-decimal 0 if base = 2 and number-of-digits = 5 [set number-of-digits 4 ] repeat number-of-digits [ set from-decimal (10 * from-decimal) + random 10 ] cct-divisor 1 [ setxy here-x here-y set color black set size 1 set label-color green + 2 set label base set here-x here-x + 2 hideturtle ] cct-holder 1 [ setxy here-x here-y set shape "successive-division" set color white set size 2 set holder-name "current" set here-x here-x + 1.2 hideturtle ] cct-digit 1 [ setxy here-x here-y set color black set size 1 set label-color cyan + 2 set digit-value from-decimal set label from-decimal set here-x here-x + 1 ] ; create explanation bar at the bottom ask patches with [ pycor < -3 ] [ set pcolor blue - 2] ask patches with [ pycor < -5 ] [ set pcolor blue ] ask patch-at 6 -6 [ set plabel "Converting " + from-decimal + " from decimal to base " + base set plabel-color white set name 1 ] ask patch-at 6 -7 [ set plabel "using Successive Division." set name 2 ] end ; randomize settings and start over to setup-random set number-of-digits 2 + (random 4) set base 2 + (random 15) setup end ; decimal equivalent of digit pattern to-report calc locals [ answer x tempList] while [ not doneyet?] [ go ] ask stack with [ member? "=" label] [ set answer remove "Answer =" label set x xcor ] set tempList stack with [ xcor > x ] while [count tempList > 0] [ ask min-one-of stack with [ xcor > x] [ xcor ] [ set x xcor set answer (word answer label) ] set tempList stack with [ xcor > x ] ] wait .5 set answer clean-input answer report answer end ; single division step to one-step locals [ here-x here-y dividend remdr] ask holder with [ holder-name = "current" ] [ set here-x xcor set here-y ycor set holder-name "" ] ask digit with [ ycor = here-y ] [ set dividend label ] ifelse (dividend > 0) and not doneyet? [ ask holder [ showturtle ] ask divisor [ showturtle ] set here-y here-y - 2 set here-x here-x - 1 cct-divisor 1 [ setxy here-x here-y set color black set size 1 set label-color green + 2 set label base set here-x here-x + 2 hideturtle ] cct-holder 1 [ setxy here-x here-y set shape "successive-division" set color white set size 2 set holder-name "current" set here-x here-x + .75 hideturtle ] cct-digit 1 [ setxy here-x here-y set color black set size 1 set label-color cyan + 2 set digit-value int (dividend / base) set label int (dividend / base) set here-x here-x + 1.75 ] cct-rem 1 [ setxy here-x here-y set shape "successive-division" set color yellow set label-color yellow set size 1.4 set remdr (dividend mod base) set label remdr ] cct-stack 1 [ setxy here-x here-y set shape "circle" set color blue - 2 set label-color yellow set label remdr + " " set size 2 set stack-name "moving" ] ask stack with [ stack-name = "moving" ] [ wander-to-stack ] if here-y <= -2 [ without-interruption [scroll ]] ] [ last-step ] if here-y <= -2 [ without-interruption [scroll ]] if (dividend = 0) [ set doneyet? true ] end to step-north set heading 0 fd 2 end to step-west set heading -90 fd 1 end to scroll locals [ n step-up step-left] set n ycor-of max-one-of turtles [ ycor ] ask turtles with [ ycor = n ] [ die ] ask digit [ step-north step-west ] ask holder [ step-north step-west ] ask divisor [ step-north step-west ] ask rem [ step-north step-west ] end to wander-to-stack locals [ to-x to-y n ] set to-x screen-size-x * .4 set to-y -4.5 if any? stack with [ stack-name != "moving" ] [ set to-x xcor-of min-one-of stack with [ stack-name != "moving"] [ xcor ] set to-x (to-x - 1.5) ] while [ (ycor != to-y) or (xcor != to-x) ] [ set heading towardsxy-nowrap to-x to-y set n (distancexy to-x to-y) ifelse n > 1 [ fd 1 ] [ setxy to-x to-y ] wait slow-motion ] set stack-name "done" set n read-from-string label if n > 9 [set label (word item n digits " ")] check-stack end to check-stack locals [ n num x y ] if count stack with [stack-name = "done" ] > 3 [ set num "" ask max-one-of stack with [stack-name = "done" ] [ xcor] [ set num (word label num) set stack-name "three" ] ask max-one-of stack with [stack-name = "done" ] [ xcor] [ set num (word label num) die ] ask max-one-of stack with [stack-name = "done" ] [ xcor] [ set num (word label num) die ] ask stack with [ stack-name = "three"] [ set label ", " + num set stack-name "holdthree" ] ask stack with [stack-name = "done"] [ set heading 90 fd 2 ] ] end to last-step locals [ n num x y ] set n count stack with [stack-name = "done" ] set num "" if n > 0 [ ask max-one-of stack with [stack-name = "done" ] [ xcor] [ set num (word label num) set stack-name "three" ] if n > 1 [ ask max-one-of stack with [stack-name = "done" ] [ xcor] [ set num (word label num) die ] if n > 2 [ask max-one-of stack with [stack-name = "done" ] [ xcor] [ set num (word label num) die ] ] ] ] ask stack with [ stack-name = "three"] [ set label "Answer = " + num set stack-name "holdthree" ] end ; show remainder of the example to go ifelse not doneyet? [ one-step wait slow-motion ] [ last-step stop ] end ; show the same example again to show-again locals [ here-x here-y current n] set start-x -3 set here-x -5 set here-y 6 set current 1 set n 0 set doneyet? false ask turtles [ die ] cct-divisor 1 [ setxy here-x here-y set color black set size 1 set label-color green + 2 set label base set here-x here-x + 2 hideturtle ] cct-holder 1 [ setxy here-x here-y set shape "successive-division" set color white set size 2 set holder-name "current" set here-x here-x + 1.2 hideturtle ] cct-digit 1 [ setxy here-x here-y set color black set size 1 set label-color cyan + 2 set digit-value from-decimal set label from-decimal set here-x here-x + 1 ] ask patches [ set plabel "" ] explain 1 "Converting " + from-decimal + " from decimal to base " + base explain 2 "using Successive Division." end to explain [ which what ] ask patches with [ name = which] [ set plabel what ] end ; asks the user to convert a number from decimal to a base to ask-other locals [ guess target question ] set question (word from-decimal "") set question add-commas question set guess user-input (word "Convert the decimal number " question " to base " base ".") set guess clean-input guess set target calc ifelse guess = target [ user-message random-one-of praise ] [ user-message "I'm sorry, but the correct answer is " + add-commas target] end to-report clean-input [guess] locals [ pos k upper lowerList] set guess remove " " guess set guess remove "," guess set lowerList ["a" "b" "c" "d" "e" "f"] foreach lowerList [ while [member? ? guess] [ set pos position ? guess set k position ? lowerList set upper (item (k + 10) digits) set upper word upper "" set guess replace-item pos guess upper ] ] report guess end ; read the digits, storing it as a string to-report get-number locals [ target n num] set target "" set n 4 repeat number-of-digits [ set num label-of random-one-of digit-at n 0 set target (word num target) set n (n - 2) ] set target remove " " target report target end ; add commas every three digits, so the user won't make copy errors to-report add-commas [ number ] locals [ save k ] set save "" set k 0 while [ (length number) > 0 ] [ set save (word last number save ) set number butlast number set k (k + 1) if (k = 3) and (length number > 0) [ set save (word "," save ) set k 0 ] ] set number save report number end ; ask a quiz question to quiz locals [ save-slow ] set save-slow slow-motion set slow-motion 0 without-interruption [setup ] wait .5 ask-other set slow-motion save-slow end ; *** NetLogo Model Copyright Notice *** ; ; Copyright 2004 by Teresa W. Carrigan. All rights reserved. ; ; Permission to use, modify or redistribute this model is hereby granted, ; provided that both of the following requirements are followed: ; a) this copyright notice is included. ; b) this model will not be redistributed for profit without permission ; from Teresa W. Carrigan. ; Contact Teresa W. Carrigan for appropriate licenses for redistribution ; for profit. ; ; To refer to this model in academic publications, please use: ; Carrigan, T. (2004). Horner's Method Simulation model. ; Blackburn College, Carlinville IL. ; ; In other publications, please use: ; Copyright 2004 by Teresa W. Carrigan. All rights reserved. ; ; *** End of NetLogo Model Copyright Notice *** @#$#@#$#@ GRAPHICS-WINDOW 3 10 388 466 7 8 25.0 1 18 1 1 1 CC-WINDOW 396 341 589 460 Command Center BUTTON 417 41 500 74 NIL setup NIL 1 T OBSERVER T SLIDER 417 180 589 213 number-of-digits number-of-digits 2 5 3 1 1 digits SLIDER 417 145 590 178 slow-motion slow-motion 0 0.5 0.2 0.05 1 seconds BUTTON 418 109 500 142 quiz quiz NIL 1 T OBSERVER T SLIDER 418 213 590 246 base base 2 16 8 1 1 NIL BUTTON 417 75 499 108 step one-step NIL 1 T OBSERVER T BUTTON 501 40 590 73 random setup-random NIL 1 T OBSERVER T BUTTON 501 74 590 107 go go T 1 T OBSERVER T BUTTON 501 109 590 142 NIL show-again NIL 1 T OBSERVER T @#$#@#$#@ WHAT IS IT? ----------- This model demonstrates the successive division method of converting a positive integer from decimal to another base, which is also known as the division-remainder method. You may choose any base in the range of two to sixteen. HOW IT WORKS ------------ First the model generates a random decimal number to convert to the specified base. The next step is to divide the decimal number by the base. The remainder becomes the right-most digit of the answer. Step three divides the quotient, again storing the remainder, even if it is zero. This process continues until the quotient is zero. The equivalent in the other base will have the same digits as the remainders, with the last remainder being the left-most digit. If the base is larger than 10, then some remainders will be larger than nine; they will have to be converted to their equivalent single digit character. HOW TO USE IT ------------- If you want examples from a specific base: Use the number-of-digits slider to set the number of digits for the decimal number. Use the base slider to set the base. Now press the setup button. This will generate a random number with that many decimal digits. If you are converting to base 2, you will not be allowed to have five decimal digits because then the result has too many bits. If you do not care which base is used, click the random button to generate an arbitrary base, number-of-digits, and number. The slow-motion slider is an easy way to adjust the speed of the display. Set it to zero if you want to show the final result as quickly as possible. 0.25 is a good setting for most purposes. The step button does a single division, and copies the remainder to the display at the bottom. It then stops so you can take notes. This is useful when you are first learning the method. The go button continues dividing until the quotient is zero, at a speed determined by the slow-motion slider. This is useful when you do not need to take notes between each step. The show-again button starts the exact problem from the beginning. You may then click either the step button or the go button to see the same demonstration. The quiz button will generate a random number using the number-of-digits slider, and ask you to convert it to the base on the base slider. If you want to drill conversion to hexadecimal, set the base to 16 and the number-of-digits to a small number. THINGS TO NOTICE ---------------- When the base is smaller than ten, the decimal number will have at most the same number of digits as the converted number, and usually it will have fewer digits. When the base is larger than ten, the decimal number will have at least the same number of digits as the converted number, and usually it will have more digits. Successive division is Horner's method in reverse. THINGS TO TRY ------------- Set slow-motion to 0.25, click random, and then click go. Set the sliders to a problem type you want to drill, then click setup. Attempt one step at a time on paper, and then click the step button to check that you did that step correctly. EXTENDING THE MODEL ------------------- Modify the model to show fixed point representation; that is, specify a given number of digits to the right of the decimal place. Allow the user to input a decimal number, and then display the corresponding digit pattern. NETLOGO FEATURES ---------------- "ask max-one-of stack with [stack-name = "done" ] [ xcor]" was very useful in finding the right-most turtle of breed stack. The stack-name was used to indicate the state of the turtle. "set heading towardsxy-nowrap to-x to-y" was used to guide the remainder to the correct place in the stack at the bottom. RELATED MODELS -------------- Horner's Method, Place Value Method, Binary Counter, Counting in Other Number Bases CREDITS AND REFERENCES ---------------------- This model was written by Teresa W. Carrigan, 2004. Permission to use, modify or redistribute this model is hereby granted, provided that both of the following requirements are followed: a) this copyright notice is included. b) this model will not be redistributed for profit without permission from Teresa W. Carrigan. Contact Teresa W. Carrigan for appropriate licenses for redistribution for profit. To refer to this model in academic publications, please use: Carrigan, T. (2004). Successive Division Method Simulation model. Blackburn College, Carlinville, IL. In other publications, please use: Copyright 2004 by Teresa W. Carrigan. All rights reserved. FOR MORE INFORMATION -------------------- For more information about successive division, see one of these textbooks: [1] Null, L. and Lobur, J. "Essentials of Computer Organization and Architecture", First Edition, Jones and Bartlett, pages 39-41. [2] Dale, N. and Lewis, J. 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